The Exceptionality of Neural Data: Protective Parallelism and a New Category of Personal Data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18313943Keywords:
Neural data, Neurotechnologies, PrivacyAbstract
The advancement of neurotechnologies and the increasing use of devices capable of capturing, processing, and modulating elements of the nervous system inaugurate a new chapter in the discussion on the protection of personal data. Neural data – although not always so named in legal or guiding texts – proves to be qualitatively distinct from other informational categories already recognized by current legislation, including sensitive data.
Downloads
References
ALEGRE, Susie. Toward an international agenda to protect the forum internum. Waterloo, ON: Centre for International Governance Innovation. CIGI Policy Brief, no. 176, 2023.
BIONI, Bruno Ricardo. Proteção de dados pessoais: a função e os limites do consentimento. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2018.
CLAYTON, Ellen Wright; EVANS, Barbara J.; HAZEL, James W.; ROTHSTEIN, Mark A. The law of genetic privacy: applications, implications, and limitations. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, vol. 6, n. 1, [s.l.], 2019.
CORNEJO-PLAZA, María Isabel; CIPPITANI, Roberto; PASQUINO, Vincenzo. Chilean Supreme Court ruling on the protection of brain activity: neurorights, personal data protection, and neurodata. Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 15. Lausanne: 27 fev. 2024.
GENSER, Jared; DAMIANOS, Stephen; YUSTE, Rafael. Safeguarding Brain Data: Assessing the Privacy Practices of Consumer Neurotechnology Companies. NeuroRights Foundation, abr./2024. Disponível em: ciso2ciso.com/.
HALLINAN, Dara; SCHÜTZ, Philip; FRIEDEWALD, Michael; DE HERT, Paul. Neurodata and neuroprivacy: data protection outdated? Surveillance & Society, vol. 12, n. 1, [S.l.], 2014.
IENCA, Marcello et al. Towards a governance framework for brain data. Neuroethics, vol. 15, art. 20, 2022.
IENCA, Marcello; MALGIERI, Gianclaudio. Mental Data Protection and the GDPR. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, vol. 9, n. 1. Oxford: jan.-jun./2022.
JWA, A. S.; MARTINEZ-MARTIN, N. Rationales and approaches to protecting brain data: a scoping review. Neuroethics, vol. 17, n. 2, 2024.
KABLO, Emiram; ARIAS-CABARCOS, Patricia. Privacy in the Age of Neurotechnology: Investigating Public Attitudes towards Brain Data Collection and Use. In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS ’23). Copenhagen, Denmark: nov./2023.
MARTINS, Guilherme Magalhães; MUCELIN, Guilherme; D’AQUINO, Lúcia Souza. Inteligência artificial e pensamento como bem juridicamente tutelável: neurodireito fundamental à liberdade cognitiva. Revista Luso-Brasileira de Direito do Consumo, vol. 1, n. 1, II série. Ribeirão Preto-SP: set.-dez./2023.
MUCELIN, Guilherme; SCALZILLI SILVA, Roberta. Neurodireitos e ultravulnerabilidade. Revista de Direito do Consumidor, vol. 153, mai.-jun./2024.
MULHOLLAND, Caitlin. Responsabilidade civil por danos causados pela violação de dados sensíveis e a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (Lei 13.709/2018). Disponível em: jur.puc-rio.br/.
OCHANG, Paschal; EKE, Damian; STAHL, Bernd Carsten. Towards an understanding of global brain data governance: ethical positions that underpin global brain data governance discourse. Frontiers in Big Data, [S.l.], 2023.
OCHANG, Paschal; STAHL, Bernd Carsten; EKE, Damian. The ethical and legal landscape of brain data governance. PLoS ONE, vol. 17, n. 12, e0273473, 2022.
RAINEY, Stephen; McGILLIVRAY, Kevin; AKINTOYE, Simi; FOTHERGILL, Tyr; BUBLITZ, Christoph; STAHL, Bernd. Is the European Data Protection Regulation sufficient to deal with emerging data concerns relating to neurotechnology? Journal of Law and the Biosciences, vol. 7, n. 1, jan.-jun./2020.
SARLET, Gabrielle Bezerra Sales; RUARO, Regina Linden. A proteção de dados sensíveis no sistema normativo brasileiro sob o enfoque da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) – L. 13.709/2018. Revista de Direitos Fundamentais e Democracia, vol. 26, n. 2. Curitiba: mai.-ago./2021.
SCHREURS, Wim; HILDEBRANDT, Mireille; Kindt, Els; VANFLETEREN, Michaël. Cogitas, Ergo Sum. The Role of Data Protection Law and Non-discrimination Law in Group Profiling in the Private Sector. In: HILDEBRANDT, Mireille; GUTWIRT, Serge. Profiling the European Citizen: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives. Heidelberg: Springer, 2008.
VAN DE VILLE, Dimitri; FAROUJ, Younes; PRETI, Maria Giulia; LIÉGEOIS, Raphaël; AMICO, Enrico. When makes you unique: temporality of the human brain fingerprint. Science Advances, vol. 7, n. 42, 2021.
WILLIAMSON, Ben. Brain data: scanning, scraping and sculpting the plastic learning brain through neurotechnology. Postdigital Science and Education, vol. 1, 2019.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Guilherme Magalhães Martins, Guilherme Antonio Balczarek Mucelin

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

